1. Data security: As technology advances, the risk of data breaches and cyber-attacks increases, which can damage a firm’s reputation and trust with customers.
2. Ad-blocking: With the rise of ad-blocking software, it can be more difficult for firms to reach their target audience through traditional online advertising methods.
3. Privacy concerns: As technology allows for more targeted and personalized marketing, privacy concerns may arise and make it harder for firms to collect and use customer data.
4. New competition: New technologies can create new competitors, especially for small and medium-size firms that may not have the resources to invest in new technologies.
5. Keeping up with the trends: Keeping up with the fast-paced changes in technology can be difficult and costly for firms, and not keeping up with the trends may cause a firm to lose its competitive edge.
6. Human Error: Automation of marketing activities may lead to human error and can cause errors in the data and targeting of the marketing campaigns.
7. Dependence on technology: Over-reliance on technology can cause a firm to lose touch with its customers and understand their needs, which may negatively affect the firm’s marketing activities.
8. Lack of creativity: Automation of marketing activities can lead to a lack of creativity, which may not be able to compete with the human touch in marketing campaigns.
9. Costly: Adoption of new technology can be costly, and firms may not be able to afford the investment, which may negatively affect their marketing activities.
10. Outdated information: As technology advances, the information that firms have about their customers may quickly become outdated, which may negatively affect their marketing activities.

(i) Fixed costs are costs that do not change with the level of production or sales, such as rent or salaries. Variable costs, on the other hand, are costs that vary with the level of production or sales, such as the cost of raw materials or utilities.

(ii) Product costs are costs that are directly associated with the production of goods, such as raw materials and direct labor. Period costs, on the other hand, are costs that are not directly associated with the production of goods, such as selling and administrative expenses.

(iii) Relevant costs are costs that are directly related to a specific decision or situation and will be affected by that decision. Irrelevant costs are costs that are not directly related to a specific decision or situation and will not be affected by that decision.

(iv) Controllable costs are costs that can be controlled by management through planning and decision making such as direct labor, direct materials and some overhead costs. Non-controllable costs are costs that cannot be controlled by management, such as rent or interest expenses.

1. The principle of fairness: This principle requires that administrative bodies act in a fair and impartial manner, without bias or prejudice.
2. The principle of audi alteram partem: This principle, also known as the right to be heard, requires that administrative bodies give both parties an opportunity to be heard and present their case before making a decision.
3. The principle of reasonableness: This principle requires that administrative bodies make decisions that are reasonable and rational, taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances.
4. The principle of proportionality: This principle requires that the punishment or remedy imposed by an administrative body is proportionate to the gravity of the offence or wrong committed.
5. The principle of transparency: This principle requires that administrative bodies conduct their proceedings in a transparent and open manner, making their decisions and reasons for those decisions available to the public.
6. The principle of natural justice in the investigation: This principle requires that administrative bodies conduct an investigation that is fair and impartial, following the rules of evidence and allowing both parties to present their case.
7. The principle of impartiality in the decision-making: This principle requires that administrative bodies make decisions that are impartial and unbiased, free from conflicts of interest or other influences.
8. The principle of natural justice in the appeal process: This principle requires that administrative bodies provide an appeal process that is fair, impartial and unbiased.
9. The principle of natural justice in the enforcement: This principle requires that administrative bodies enforce their decisions in a fair and impartial manner, without bias or prejudice.
10. The principle of natural justice in the interpretation: This principle requires that administrative bodies interpret their laws and regulations in a fair and impartial manner, without bias or prejudice.

Winding up, also known as liquidation, is the process of dissolving a company and distributing its assets among its creditors and shareholders. There are several consequences of winding up a company, including:

1. End of the company: Once a company is wound up, it ceases to exist and can no longer conduct business or enter into new contracts.
2. Loss of employment: Winding up a company can result in loss of employment for the company’s employees.
3. Loss of assets: The company’s assets, such as property, equipment, and inventory, will be sold off to pay off the company’s debts. Any remaining assets will be distributed among the shareholders.
4. Creditor priority: In a winding up, the company’s assets will be distributed among its creditors according to the priority of their claims, as determined by law. This means that some creditors may not be fully paid, while others may receive more than they are owed.
5. Loss of investments: Shareholders will lose their investments in the company and will not be able to recoup their losses.
6. Loss of reputation: A company that is wound up may suffer damage to its reputation, which can affect the ability of its directors and officers to secure future employment or business opportunities.
7. Legal proceedings: The winding up process may also involve legal proceedings, such as lawsuits and bankruptcy proceedings.
8. Loss of control: The company’s management and shareholders will lose control of the company and its assets.
9. Effects on suppliers and customers: Winding up a company may also have negative effects on its suppliers and customers, as it may disrupt the continuity of their business operations.
10. Impact on economy: Winding up a company can have a negative impact on the economy, as it leads to loss of jobs, reduced economic activity, and a decrease in tax revenues for the government.

The legal principles applicable in this case include insurance law, contract law, and property law.

1. Insurance law: The insurance of Morris’s house by Desny Insurance Company is governed by the laws of insurance, which regulates the relationship between the insurer and the insured. Under insurance law, the insurer has a duty to compensate the insured for any loss or damage covered by the policy.
2. Contract law: The insurance contract between Morris and Desny Insurance Company is a legally binding agreement, and both parties are bound by the terms and conditions of the contract. The contract is also binding on any subsequent owners of the property, as long as they are aware of the insurance policy.
3. Property law: The sale of Morris’s house to Tony is governed by property law, which regulates the transfer of ownership of property. Property law requires that the seller of the property inform the insurer of any change in ownership of the property.
4. Duty to disclose: Under insurance law, the insured has a duty to disclose all material facts that are relevant to the risk being insured. In this case, Morris’s failure to inform the insurer of the change in ownership of the house could be considered as a failure to disclose a material fact, which could void the insurance policy.
5. Subrogation: Under insurance law, the insurer has the right to be subrogated to the rights of the insured in the event of a loss or damage. This means that the insurer can pursue recovery from a third party that caused the loss or damage, in order to recover the amount paid out to the insured. In this case, the insurer may argue that it has the right to be subrogated to the rights of Tony and can pursue recovery from Morris for his failure to disclose the change in ownership.
6. Bailment: The insurer may argue that the house is in the possession of Tony as a bailee, and that Tony has a duty to take care of the house and inform the insurer of any change in possession. This is because the insurer has an insurable interest in the house, and the failure of Tony to inform them of the change in possession of the house may be considered a breach of the bailment contract.
7. Estoppel: Tony may argue that Morris’s failure to disclose the change in ownership to the insurer has estopped the insurer from denying coverage, as Tony relied on the insurance policy and the insurer’s silence on the change in ownership. This means that the insurer would be barred from denying coverage due to Morris’s conduct or lack of action.

In this case, Morris sold the house to Tony and failed to inform Desny Insurance Company of the change in ownership. When the house got substantially damaged by fire, Tony claimed compensation from Desny Insurance Company, but the insurer declined. Since Tony was aware of the insurance policy and the insurer was not informed of the change in ownership, the insurer may argue that the policy was not valid and therefore, it does not have the obligation to compensate Tony. However, Tony may argue that the insurer had the duty to compensate him as the subsequent owner of the property, since he was aware of the insurance policy and Morris’s failure to inform the insurer does not relieve the insurer of its obligations.