Explain three characteristics of enzymes. (6 marks)June/July 2020

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body. Some characteristics of enzymes include:

1. Specificity: Enzymes are highly specific, meaning that they are only able to catalyze specific reactions. This is due to the unique shape of the enzyme’s active site, which fits perfectly with the reactant molecule, known as the substrate.
2. Efficiency: Enzymes are extremely efficient catalysts, meaning that they are able to speed up chemical reactions without being used up or altered in the process.
3. Temperature sensitivity: The activity of enzymes is typically optimal at a specific temperature, and may be decreased at higher or lower temperatures.
4. pH sensitivity: The activity of enzymes may also be affected by changes in pH, as certain pH levels may alter the shape of the enzyme’s active site, rendering it inactive.
5. Allosteric regulation: Enzymes may be regulated by the binding of regulatory molecules, known as allosteric activators or inhibitors, to specific sites on the enzyme. This can either enhance or inhibit the enzyme’s activity.
6. Role in metabolism: Enzymes play a crucial role in metabolism, as they are responsible for catalyzing the chemical reactions that are necessary for the body to function properly. This includes reactions involved in digestion, energy production, and the synthesis of hormones and other molecules.