Explain two types of iron losses occurring in transformers
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Iron losses in transformers can occur in two ways: hysteresis losses and eddy current losses.
Hysteresis losses are caused by the magnetic properties of the transformer’s core material. When the transformer’s core material is magnetized and demagnetized repeatedly by the alternating current flowing through the transformer, it experiences a phenomenon known as hysteresis. This process causes the core material to heat up and results in the loss of some of the magnetic energy, which is dissipated as heat. Hysteresis losses are typically lower at lower frequencies and higher at higher frequencies.
Eddy current losses, on the other hand, are caused by the flow of currents within the transformer’s core material. When an alternating current flows through the transformer, it creates a changing magnetic field that can induce currents, known as eddy currents, within the core material. These currents flow in closed loops within the core material and cause resistance, which results in the loss of some of the electrical energy as heat. Eddy current losses are typically higher at higher frequencies and lower at lower frequencies.