State the use of each of the following equipment: i) ranging rod; ii) optical square; iii) steel tape; iv) abney level; v) levelling staff.(5 marks)June/July 2020

(i) Ranging rod: A ranging rod is a long, slender rod that is used in surveying to mark the location of points on the ground. It is typically marked with horizontal and vertical lines or other markings, and it is used to line up the survey instrument with the point being measured.

(ii) Optical square: An optical square is a surveying instrument that is used to measure angles and distances. It consists of a small telescope mounted on a tripod, and it is used to sight on objects or points in the distance and measure their distance and angle relative to the instrument.

(iii) Steel tape: A steel tape is a long, narrow strip of steel or other metal that is used to measure distances. It is typically marked with graduations or other markings to allow precise measurements to be taken. Steel tapes are often used in surveying and construction to measure distances and dimensions.

(iv) Abney level: An Abney level is a surveying instrument that is used to measure the slope or incline of a surface. It consists of a small telescope mounted on a handle, and it is used to sight on objects or points in the distance and measure the angle of the slope.

(v) Levelling staff: A levelling staff is a long, slender rod that is used in surveying to determine the elevation of points on the ground. It is typically marked with graduations or other markings that allow precise measurements to be taken, and it is used in conjunction with a levelling instrument, such as a transit or theodolite.