Explain the water purification process for distribution to the consumer. (8 marks)June/July 2020

The water purification process for distribution to consumers typically involves several steps to ensure that the water is safe and clean for human consumption. These steps may include:

1. Coagulation and flocculation: In this step, chemicals are added to the water to cause small particles to clump together, forming larger, easier-to-remove particles called floc.
2. Sedimentation: The floc is allowed to settle to the bottom of a sedimentation basin, where it can be removed by skimming or sedimentation.
3. Filtration: The water is then passed through a series of filters, such as sand or gravel filters, to remove any remaining particles and contaminants.
4. Disinfection: The water is treated with chemicals, such as chlorine or ultraviolet light, to kill any remaining bacteria or viruses that may be present.
5. pH adjustment: The pH of the water may be adjusted to ensure that it is safe for human consumption.
6. Fluoridation: Fluoride may be added to the water to help prevent tooth decay.
7. Distribution: The purified water is then stored in a holding tank or reservoir and distributed to consumers through a network of pipes and pumps.