Explain the term homologous series
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A homologous series is a sequence of compounds that have a similar chemical structure and similar chemical properties. These compounds are called “homologs” because they are related to each other by a common chemical bond or functional group.
Homologous series are typically characterized by a gradual increase in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, as well as a corresponding increase in the number of bonds and functional groups. As the number of carbon atoms increases, the physical and chemical properties of the compounds in the series also change, giving rise to a predictable pattern of behavior.
Examples of homologous series include the alkane series, the alkene series, and the alcohol series. The alkane series consists of compounds with the general formula CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The alkene series consists of compounds with the general formula CnH2n, while the alcohol series consists of compounds with the general formula CnH2n+1OH.