explain the function of a surge tank in hydro-power station
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A surge tank is a type of hydraulic structure that is used in hydroelectric power plants to absorb sudden changes in water flow and pressure. It is typically located downstream of the turbine and serves to regulate the flow of water through the power plant.
The surge tank acts as a buffer, storing excess water during periods of high flow and releasing it during periods of low flow. This helps to stabilize the pressure and flow in the system, preventing damage to the turbine and other components of the power plant.
The surge tank is typically designed to have a large volume and a small surface area to minimize the amount of energy lost through wave action. It may also be equipped with gates or valves to control the flow of water in and out of the tank.
In addition to providing stability to the system, the surge tank can also help to improve the overall efficiency of the hydroelectric power plant by allowing the turbine to operate at a more constant speed. This can reduce wear and tear on the turbine and improve its efficiency.