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explain i. total daily system energy requirement ii. days of autonomy as used when sizing solar electrical installation
i. Total daily system energy requirement: The total daily system energy requirement refers to the amount of energy that a solar electric system needs to produce on a daily basis in order to meet the energy needs of the end-use load. This includes the energy required for lighting, heating, cooling, aRead more
i. Total daily system energy requirement:
The total daily system energy requirement refers to the amount of energy that a solar electric system needs to produce on a daily basis in order to meet the energy needs of the end-use load. This includes the energy required for lighting, heating, cooling, and other electrical loads. To determine the total daily system energy requirement, it is necessary to first assess the energy needs of the end-use loads and then calculate the size of the solar electric system needed to meet those needs.
ii. Days of autonomy:
Days of autonomy refers to the number of days that a solar electric system can operate without being recharged or supplemented with energy from an external source. This is an important consideration when sizing a solar electric system, as it determines the amount of energy storage capacity that is needed to ensure that the system can meet the energy needs of the end-use load over an extended period of time. The number of days of autonomy that a solar electric system requires will depend on the size of the system and the energy needs of the end-use load.
See lessdescribe the following conditions that affect a lead acid battery i. stratification ii. sulphation
i. Stratification: Stratification refers to the separation of the different components of the electrolyte solution in a lead acid battery. This can occur when the battery is not used regularly or is not charged and discharged properly. Stratification can cause the battery to lose its ability to holdRead more
i. Stratification:
Stratification refers to the separation of the different components of the electrolyte solution in a lead acid battery. This can occur when the battery is not used regularly or is not charged and discharged properly. Stratification can cause the battery to lose its ability to hold a charge and may lead to reduced performance and shortened lifespan.
ii. Sulphation:
Sulphation refers to the build-up of lead sulphate crystals on the surface of the lead plates inside a lead acid battery. This can occur when the battery is not charged regularly or is not charged properly, or when it is left in a discharged state for an extended period of time. Sulphation can cause the battery to lose its ability to hold a charge and may lead to reduced performance and shortened lifespan.
See lessdocumentation or information that be availed and referred to during services and maintenance of a solar electric system
There are several types of documentation and information that may be availed and referred to during the service and maintenance of a solar electric system: Manufacturer's instructions: This includes any documentation provided by the manufacturer of the solar panels, inverters, or other components ofRead more
There are several types of documentation and information that may be availed and referred to during the service and maintenance of a solar electric system:
- Manufacturer’s instructions: This includes any documentation provided by the manufacturer of the solar panels, inverters, or other components of the system. These instructions may include information on installation, operation, and maintenance of the equipment.
- System drawings: These are detailed drawings of the solar electric system, including the layout of the solar panels, inverters, and other components. These drawings can be useful for identifying the location of components and for troubleshooting problems.
- Safety guidelines: These are guidelines for working safely with electrical equipment and for preventing accidents and injuries. These guidelines may be provided by the manufacturer or by regulatory agencies.
- Maintenance logs: These are records of maintenance activities that have been carried out on the system, including details of any repairs or replacements that have been made. These logs can be useful for tracking the history of the system and for identifying any recurring problems.
- Warranty information: This includes information on the warranty coverage for the system and any components that are covered under warranty. This information can be useful for identifying when maintenance or repairs may be covered under the warranty.
See lessoutline the inspection and checks carried out on the wiring and control gear of a solar installation
Visual inspection: This involves inspecting the physical components of the system, such as the wiring, control gear, and electrical panels, to ensure that they are properly installed and in good condition. Continuity testing: This involves checking the continuity of the wiring and cables in the systRead more
- Visual inspection: This involves inspecting the physical components of the system, such as the wiring, control gear, and electrical panels, to ensure that they are properly installed and in good condition.
- Continuity testing: This involves checking the continuity of the wiring and cables in the system to ensure that there are no breaks or faults.
- Insulation resistance testing: This involves measuring the resistance of the insulation on the wires and cables in the system to ensure that it is sufficient to prevent electrical shocks and other hazards.
- Earthing resistance testing: This involves measuring the resistance of the earthing system to ensure that it is sufficient to protect against electrical shocks and other hazards.
- Voltage and current measurement: This involves measuring the voltage and current output of the solar panels and other components of the system to ensure that they are operating within the specified range.
- Functionality testing: This involves testing the operation of the system under various conditions to ensure that it is functioning properly.
See lessexplain how a parabolic dish mirror minimizes harvesting of solar energy
A parabolic dish mirror is a type of solar energy collector that uses a parabolic-shaped mirror to focus sunlight onto a receiver at the focus of the parabola. The parabolic shape of the mirror helps to minimize the loss of solar energy during the harvesting process by minimizing the amount of sunliRead more
A parabolic dish mirror is a type of solar energy collector that uses a parabolic-shaped mirror to focus sunlight onto a receiver at the focus of the parabola. The parabolic shape of the mirror helps to minimize the loss of solar energy during the harvesting process by minimizing the amount of sunlight that is reflected or absorbed by the mirror.
The parabolic shape of the mirror allows it to capture a wide range of sunlight and focus it onto a small area, which increases the intensity of the sunlight and makes it easier to convert into usable forms of energy. In addition, the receiver at the focus of the parabola is typically coated with a highly efficient solar energy conversion material, which helps to further minimize the loss of solar energy during the harvesting process.
Overall, the use of a parabolic dish mirror helps to minimize the loss of solar energy during the harvesting process and increases the efficiency of the system.
See lessstate two conversion of solar energy
Photovoltaic conversion: This involves the use of solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that use semiconductor materials to convert sunlight into electricity. Solar thermal conversion: This involves the use of solar collectors to capture thRead more
- Photovoltaic conversion: This involves the use of solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that use semiconductor materials to convert sunlight into electricity.
- Solar thermal conversion: This involves the use of solar collectors to capture the sun’s heat and convert it into usable forms of energy, such as hot water or steam. Solar collectors can be used for heating water for domestic or industrial use, or for generating electricity through the use of a turbine.
- Solar chemical conversion: This involves the use of solar energy to power chemical reactions that produce usable forms of energy, such as hydrogen or methanol.
See lesstests carried out on a completed solar electric installation
Visual inspection: This involves inspecting the physical components of the system, such as the solar panels, inverters, and wiring, to ensure that they are properly installed and in good condition. Voltage and current measurement: This involves measuring the voltage and current output of the solar pRead more
- Visual inspection: This involves inspecting the physical components of the system, such as the solar panels, inverters, and wiring, to ensure that they are properly installed and in good condition.
- Voltage and current measurement: This involves measuring the voltage and current output of the solar panels and other components of the system to ensure that they are operating within the specified range.
- Insulation resistance testing: This involves measuring the resistance of the insulation on the wires and cables in the system to ensure that it is sufficient to prevent electrical shocks and other hazards.
- Earthing resistance testing: This involves measuring the resistance of the earthing system to ensure that it is sufficient to protect against electrical shocks and other hazards.
- Continuity testing: This involves checking the continuity of the wiring and cables in the system to ensure that there are no breaks or faults.
- Functionality testing: This involves testing the operation of the system under various conditions to ensure that it is functioning properly.
See lessexplain the function of i. switches ii. lamps as in solar installations
i. Switches: In a solar installation, switches are used to control the flow of electricity. They can be used to turn the system on or off, or to switch between different components in the system. For example, a switch might be used to turn a solar panel array on or off, or to switch between a batterRead more
i. Switches:
In a solar installation, switches are used to control the flow of electricity. They can be used to turn the system on or off, or to switch between different components in the system. For example, a switch might be used to turn a solar panel array on or off, or to switch between a battery bank and the grid.
ii. Lamps:
Lamps are used to provide lighting in a solar installation. They may be connected to a solar panel array or a battery bank, and can be turned on or off using switches or other control devices. Lamps can be used to provide general lighting, task lighting, or accent lighting, depending on the needs of the installation.
See lessIEE regulations requirement regarding ceiling roses
state IEE regulations requirement regarding ceiling roses
state IEE regulations requirement regarding ceiling roses
See lessexplain three main causes of electric fires
Overloaded electrical circuits: When electrical circuits are overloaded with too many appliances or devices, they can become overheated and spark a fire. This is especially common in older homes with outdated wiring systems that are not capable of handling the electrical demands of modern appliancesRead more
- Overloaded electrical circuits: When electrical circuits are overloaded with too many appliances or devices, they can become overheated and spark a fire. This is especially common in older homes with outdated wiring systems that are not capable of handling the electrical demands of modern appliances.
- Faulty electrical wiring or appliances: Wires that are damaged or frayed, or appliances that are malfunctioning or have been recalled for safety reasons, can also spark a fire.
- Short circuits: A short circuit occurs when there is a break in the flow of electricity, often due to a damaged wire or a loose connection. This can cause an electrical current to travel through unintended paths, resulting in an electrical discharge that can ignite a fire.
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