Home/MICROELECTRONICS
  1. Asked: January 2, 2023In:

    Outline three microprocessor system buses, citing their functions. (6 marks)June/July 2020

    Best Answer
    Jemshah Enlightened

    A bus is a communication system that allows different components of a computer to communicate with each other. In a microprocessor system, there are several different types of buses that perform different functions. The data bus is used to transfer data between the microprocessor, memory, and periphRead more

    A bus is a communication system that allows different components of a computer to communicate with each other. In a microprocessor system, there are several different types of buses that perform different functions.

    1. The data bus is used to transfer data between the microprocessor, memory, and peripherals. It is a bi-directional bus, which means that data can be transferred in either direction between the microprocessor and other devices.
    2. The address bus is used to specify the location of data being transferred on the data bus. It is a unidirectional bus, meaning that it only carries addresses from the microprocessor to other devices.
    3. The control bus is used to control the flow of data and the transfer of information between devices. It consists of several signals that are used to initiate and terminate data transfers, and to control the flow of data between devices.
    4. The power bus is used to provide power to the various components of the system. It consists of voltage and ground lines that are used to power the microprocessor and other devices.
    5. The clock bus is used to synchronize the operation of the different components in the system. It consists of a clock signal that is generated by a clock generator, and is used to coordinate the operation of the microprocessor and other devices.
    6. The memory bus is used to transfer data between the microprocessor and main memory. It is a bi-directional bus that is used to read and write data from main memory.
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  2. Asked: January 2, 2023In:

    write an assembly language program to add 13 H and 08 H. ( 4marks)June/July 2020

    Best Answer
    Jemshah Enlightened

    Here is an example of an assembly language program to add two hexadecimal numbers, 13H and 08H: ; Program to add 13H and 08H ; Load 13H into register A MOV A, #13H ; Load 08H into register B MOV B, #08H ; Add the contents of register A and register B, and store the result in register A ADD A, B ; EnRead more

    Here is an example of an assembly language program to add two hexadecimal numbers, 13H and 08H:

    ; Program to add 13H and 08H
    ; Load 13H into register A
    MOV A, #13H
    ; Load 08H into register B
    MOV B, #08H
    ; Add the contents of register A and register B, and store the result in register A
    ADD A, B
    ; End of program
    MOV A, #13H
    MOV B, #08H
    ADD A, B
    End or HLT
    This program uses three assembly language instructions: MOV, ADD, and END.
    1. The MOV instruction is used to load a value into a register. In this case, the value 13H is loaded into register A, and the value 08H is loaded into register B.
    2. The ADD instruction is used to add the contents of two registers and store the result in one of the registers. In this case, the contents of register A and register B are added and the result is stored in register A.
    3. The END instruction indicates the end of the program.

    This program would add the two hexadecimal numbers 13H and 08H, and store the result (1BH) in register A.

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  4. Asked: January 2, 2023In:

    Differentiate between program counter and stack pointer, (3 marks)June/July 2020

    Best Answer
    Jemshah Enlightened

    The program counter (PC) and stack pointer (SP) are both special purpose registers in a computer's central processing unit (CPU). They are used to store the addresses of instructions and data in memory, and to control the flow of a program. The program counter is a register that stores the address oRead more

    The program counter (PC) and stack pointer (SP) are both special purpose registers in a computer’s central processing unit (CPU). They are used to store the addresses of instructions and data in memory, and to control the flow of a program.

    1. The program counter is a register that stores the address of the next instruction to be executed. It is incremented after each instruction is fetched, so that the CPU can fetch the next instruction in sequence.
    2. The stack pointer is a register that stores the address of the top of the stack. The stack is a portion of memory that is used to store data temporarily while a program is running. It is often used to store function arguments, local variables, and other data that is needed only for a short period of time.
    3. One key difference between the program counter and stack pointer is that the program counter is used to keep track of the program’s instructions, while the stack pointer is used to keep track of data. The program counter is incremented sequentially, while the stack pointer is updated whenever data is pushed onto or popped off of the stack.
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  5. Asked: January 2, 2023In:

    State two categories of 8085 microprocessor instruction sets.(3 marks)June/July 2020

    Best Answer
    Jemshah Enlightened

    Data transfer instructions: These instructions are used to transfer data between the microprocessor and external devices or memory. Examples include the MOV and MVI instructions. Arithmetic instructions: These instructions are used to perform arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, andRead more

    1. Data transfer instructions: These instructions are used to transfer data between the microprocessor and external devices or memory. Examples include the MOV and MVI instructions.
    2. Arithmetic instructions: These instructions are used to perform arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Examples include the ADD, SUB, and MUL instructions.
    3. Logical instructions: These instructions are used to perform logical operations, such as AND, OR, and NOT. Examples include the ANA, ORA, and CMA instructions.
    4. Branch instructions: These instructions are used to transfer control to a different location in the program. Examples include the JMP and JC instructions.
    5. Machine control instructions: These instructions are used to control the operation of the microprocessor or external devices. Examples include the HLT and NOP instructions.
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  6. Asked: January 2, 2023In:

    Outline three differences between random access memory and hard disk memory.(6 marks)June/July 2020

    Best Answer
    Jemshah Enlightened

    Random access memory (RAM) and hard disk memory are two types of computer memory that are used to store data and support the operation of a computer. There are several differences between these two types of memory: Type of memory: RAM is a type of volatile memory, which means that it requires a consRead more

    Random access memory (RAM) and hard disk memory are two types of computer memory that are used to store data and support the operation of a computer. There are several differences between these two types of memory:

    1. Type of memory: RAM is a type of volatile memory, which means that it requires a constant power supply to retain data. Hard disk memory is a type of non-volatile memory, which means that it can retain data even when the power is turned off.
    2. Speed: RAM is generally faster than hard disk memory, as it is designed to allow quick access to data. This makes it well-suited for tasks that require fast data access, such as running programs or accessing files.
    3. Capacity: Hard disk memory generally has a larger capacity than RAM, as it is designed to store large amounts of data. This makes it well-suited for storing files, documents, and other types of data that need to be retained over the long term.
    4. Cost: RAM is generally more expensive than hard disk memory, as it requires more advanced technology to manufacture.
    5. Location: RAM is located within the computer and is an integral part of the system, while hard disk memory is typically an external device that is connected to the computer via a cable or interface.
    6. Purpose: RAM is used to store data that is actively being used or accessed by the computer, while hard disk memory is used to store data that is not actively being used but needs to be retained for later use.
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  7. Asked: January 2, 2023In:

    Explain each of the following terms as applied to memories: (i) access time: (ii) back-up. (4 marks)June/July 202

    Jemshah Enlightened

    (i) Access time: Access time refers to the amount of time it takes for a computer or device to retrieve data from its memory. The access time of a memory is an important factor to consider when choosing a memory for a computer or device, as it affects the overall performance of the system. A memoryRead more

    (i) Access time:

    Access time refers to the amount of time it takes for a computer or device to retrieve data from its memory. The access time of a memory is an important factor to consider when choosing a memory for a computer or device, as it affects the overall performance of the system. A memory with a shorter access time will be able to retrieve data faster, which can improve the performance of the system.

    (ii) Back-up:

    A back-up is a copy of data that is made and stored in a separate location to protect against data loss due to hardware failure, software errors, or other issues. Back-ups can be made to a variety of storage media, including hard drives, external drives, and cloud storage.

    It is important to regularly perform back-ups of important data to ensure that it is protected in the event of a data loss. Back-ups can be made manually or automatically, and may be stored locally or remotely depending on the needs and preferences of the user.

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  8. Asked: January 2, 2023In:

    List two computer devices.” (2 marks)June/July 2020

    Jemshah Enlightened

    Desktop computers: Desktop computers are stationary computers that are typically used in a fixed location, such as an office or home. They typically have more processing power and storage capacity than other types of computers, and may be used for tasks such as word processing, data analysis, and gaRead more

    1. Desktop computers: Desktop computers are stationary computers that are typically used in a fixed location, such as an office or home. They typically have more processing power and storage capacity than other types of computers, and may be used for tasks such as word processing, data analysis, and gaming.
    2. Laptops: Laptops are portable computers that can be carried and used in various locations. They typically have a smaller form factor than desktop computers, and may be used for tasks such as web browsing, email, and document creation.
    3. Tablets: Tablets are portable computing devices that typically have a touchscreen interface and a thin, lightweight design. They may be used for tasks such as web browsing, email, and media consumption.
    4. Smartphones: Smartphones are portable computing devices that are primarily used for communication, but also have the capability to perform other tasks such as web browsing, email, and media consumption.
    5. Servers: Servers are specialized computers that are used to store, process, and manage data and resources for a network of computers. They may be used for tasks such as hosting websites, storing and backing up data, and managing network resources.
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