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Explain the functions of each of the following solar system devices: (i) DC – AC inverter; (ii) charge controller; (iii) solar battery. (6 marks)craft1 electrical June/July 2020
(i) DC-AC inverter: A DC-AC inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) electricity, which is typically produced by solar panels, into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the form of electricity used in most homes and businesses. The inverter is an important component in a solaRead more
(i) DC-AC inverter: A DC-AC inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) electricity, which is typically produced by solar panels, into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the form of electricity used in most homes and businesses. The inverter is an important component in a solar power system, as it allows the solar panels to be connected to the electrical grid or to be used to power AC electrical equipment.
(ii) Charge controller: A charge controller is a device that is used to regulate the flow of electricity between a solar panel and a battery in a solar power system. The charge controller monitors the battery’s charge level and prevents it from overcharging or discharging too quickly, which can damage the battery.
(iii) Solar battery: A solar battery is a type of battery that is used to store excess electricity produced by a solar power system. Solar batteries can be used to store electricity when the solar panels are producing more electricity than is being used, and then to release the stored electricity when the solar panels are not producing enough electricity to meet the demand. Solar batteries can be used to help smooth out fluctuations in the solar panel’s electricity production, and to provide a backup power source in case of a power outage.
See lessState four factors that affect the output of a solar module. (4 marks)craft1 electrical June/July 2020
Solar irradiance: The amount of solar irradiance, or the intensity of solar radiation, that the solar module receives can affect its output. Solar modules will typically produce more electricity on sunny days with high solar irradiance than on cloudy days with low solar irradiance. Temperature: TheRead more
State three merits of direct solar drier. (5 marks)craft1 electrical June/July 2020
Renewable and clean: Solar energy is a renewable and clean energy source, and using a direct solar dryer does not produce any greenhouse gas emissions or air pollution. Cost-effective: Solar drying systems can be cost-effective to operate, as they do not require any fuel or electricity to operate. VRead more
Explain two methods of solar energy conversion.craft1 electrical June/July 2020
Photovoltaic cells: Photovoltaic (PV) cells, also known as solar cells, convert solar energy into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight is absorbed by the PV cells, it excites the electrons in the cells and generates an electric current. Solar thermal systems: Solar thermal systRead more
Define each of the following as used in solar systems: (a) irradiance; (i) diffuse radiation. (4 marks)craft1 electrical June/July 2020
(a) Irradiance: Irradiance is the measure of the intensity of solar radiation received by a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter (W/m²). (b) Diffuse radiation: Diffuse radiation is solar radiation that has been scattered by the atmosphere and is not directly aligned with the sun. ItRead more
(a) Irradiance: Irradiance is the measure of the intensity of solar radiation received by a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter (W/m²).
(b) Diffuse radiation: Diffuse radiation is solar radiation that has been scattered by the atmosphere and is not directly aligned with the sun. It is often referred to as “sky radiation” and can contribute significantly to the total solar radiation received by a surface, especially on cloudy days.
See lessState four advantages of A.C over D.C system. (4 marks)craft1 electrical June/July 2020
Ease of transmission: AC voltage can be easily transformed to higher or lower values using transformers, making it more suitable for long-distance transmission over high-voltage power lines. Safety: AC voltage is less likely to cause electric shock than DC voltage, as it oscillates rapidly and is leRead more
Outline the stages of a typical power system from a generating station to the consumer and for each case state the voltage levels. (6 marks)craft1 electrical June/July 2020
Generating station: At the generating station, electricity is produced using a power source such as a coal-fired power plant, hydroelectric dam, or wind farm. The voltage level at the generating station is typically high, in the range of 11 kV to 33 kV. Transmission: The electricity produced at theRead more
State three merits of hydro-electric generating plant.craft1 electrical June/July 2020
Renewable and clean: Hydroelectric power is a renewable energy source, as it generates electricity from the movement of water, which can be replenished through natural processes such as rain and snowmelt. It is also a clean energy source, as it does not produce any greenhouse gas emissions or air poRead more
Explain four reasons for carrying out the polarity test in electrical installation. (4 marks)craft1 electrical June/July 2020
The polarity test is carried out in electrical installations to ensure that the electrical system is properly wired and that the electrical current is flowing in the correct direction. There are several reasons for carrying out this test: Safety: The polarity test helps to ensure that the electricalRead more
The polarity test is carried out in electrical installations to ensure that the electrical system is properly wired and that the electrical current is flowing in the correct direction. There are several reasons for carrying out this test:
List in correct sequence the equipment at consumer’s intake point. (4 marks)craft1 electrical June/July 2020
The equipment at the consumer's intake point, also known as the service entrance, is typically installed in the following sequence: Meter box: The meter box houses the electrical meter, which measures the amount of electricity consumed by the consumer. Main switch or fuse box: The main switch or fusRead more
The equipment at the consumer’s intake point, also known as the service entrance, is typically installed in the following sequence: