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Explain four roles played by a management accountant in a business organization. (8 marks)November 2022
Budgeting and forecasting: Management accountants play a key role in budgeting and forecasting, by analyzing financial data, identifying trends, and making projections to help the organization plan for the future. Cost accounting: Management accountants play a role in cost accounting, by analyzing aRead more
- Budgeting and forecasting: Management accountants play a key role in budgeting and forecasting, by analyzing financial data, identifying trends, and making projections to help the organization plan for the future.
- Cost accounting: Management accountants play a role in cost accounting, by analyzing and identifying the costs associated with the organization’s products and services. They use this information to help the organization manage costs and improve profitability.
- Financial analysis: Management accountants play a role in financial analysis, by interpreting financial data and providing insights to help the organization make informed business decisions.
- Performance measurement: Management accountants play a role in performance measurement, by analyzing financial and non-financial data to evaluate the organization’s performance and identify areas for improvement.
- Risk management: Management accountants play a role in risk management, by analyzing financial data to identify potential risks and help the organization develop strategies to mitigate those risks.
- Compliance: Management accountants play a role in ensuring compliance with financial regulations and laws, by ensuring that the organization’s financial records and reports are accurate and meet legal and regulatory requirements.
- Strategic planning: Management accountants play a role in strategic planning, by providing financial analysis and insights to help the organization develop and implement long-term plans.
- Advising management: Management accountants play a role in advising management on financial matters, by providing financial analysis and recommendations to help the organization make informed business decisions.
See less5. (a) Explain the following types of construction plant maintenance: (i) corrective maintenance; (ii) scheduled maintenance; (iii) preventive maintenance; (iv) predictive maintenance. (12 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021
(i) Corrective maintenance: Corrective maintenance is the type of maintenance that is performed on construction plant equipment after it has broken down or failed. The goal of corrective maintenance is to repair or replace the faulty part and restore the equipment to its normal working condition. ThRead more
(i) Corrective maintenance: Corrective maintenance is the type of maintenance that is performed on construction plant equipment after it has broken down or failed. The goal of corrective maintenance is to repair or replace the faulty part and restore the equipment to its normal working condition. This type of maintenance is typically performed on an as-needed basis and is reactive in nature, meaning it is only performed when a problem occurs.
(ii) Scheduled maintenance: Scheduled maintenance is the type of maintenance that is performed on construction plant equipment at regular intervals, regardless of whether the equipment is malfunctioning. The goal of scheduled maintenance is to prevent breakdowns and prolong the lifespan of the equipment. This type of maintenance is typically performed on a regular basis, such as weekly, monthly, or annually, and is proactive in nature, meaning it is performed to prevent problems from occurring.
(iii) Preventive maintenance: Preventive maintenance is the type of maintenance that is performed on construction plant equipment to prevent the occurrence of failure or to detect a failure in its early stages. The goal of preventive maintenance is to prevent breakdowns and prolong the lifespan of the equipment. This type of maintenance is typically performed on a regular basis, such as weekly, monthly, or annually, and is proactive in nature, meaning it is performed to prevent problems from occurring.
(iv) Predictive maintenance: Predictive maintenance is the type of maintenance that is performed on construction plant equipment by utilizing condition monitoring techniques and data analysis to predict when maintenance or replacement of components is needed. The goal of predictive maintenance is to predict equipment failures and perform maintenance or repairs before the equipment breaks down. This type of maintenance is typically performed on an as-needed basis and is proactive in nature, meaning it is performed to prevent problems from occurring.
See less(c) _ Describe the following types of pumps: (i)reciprocating pumps; (ii)rotary pumps. (6 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021 (a) Outline two applications of a back hoe. (4 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021
(i) Reciprocating pumps: Reciprocating pumps are positive displacement pumps that use a piston or diaphragm to move fluid in a back-and-forth motion, allowing for the transfer of fluid from one location to another. They are commonly used in applications such as irrigation, water supply, and industriRead more
(i) Reciprocating pumps: Reciprocating pumps are positive displacement pumps that use a piston or diaphragm to move fluid in a back-and-forth motion, allowing for the transfer of fluid from one location to another. They are commonly used in applications such as irrigation, water supply, and industrial processes that require the transfer of fluids at high pressures. They are also used in oil and gas industry to transfer fluid and chemicals. Reciprocating pumps are versatile, can handle a wide range of fluid viscosities and can provide high pressure and high flow rate.
(ii) Rotary pumps: Rotary pumps are positive displacement pumps that use a rotating element, such as a gear, lobe, or vane, to move fluid. These pumps are commonly used in applications such as oil and gas, chemical, and industrial processes that require the transfer of fluids at high volumes. They are also used in agriculture and food processing. Rotary pumps are durable and can handle high-viscosity fluids and provide high flow rate and low pressure.
(a) Outline two applications of a back hoe:
- Excavation: Back hoes are commonly used in construction and civil engineering projects to excavate trenches, foundations, and other types of holes. They can be used to dig up soil, rock, and other materials, and to remove debris.
- Demolition: Back hoes can also be used to demolish buildings, bridges, and other structures by using the bucket or arm to remove debris and rubble.
- Digging holes for planting trees, installing utility lines and other similar tasks.
- Backfilling and grading tasks in construction sites
See less(b) Describe the following concrete mixing edupment: (i)tilting drum mixer; (ii)non-tilting drum mixer. (6marks)Oct./Nov. 2021
(i) Tilting drum mixer: A tilting drum mixer is a type of concrete mixing equipment that features a rotating drum that tilts on its axis. This allows the drum to be emptied easily, and makes it easier to clean and maintain. The tilting drum mixer is often used in construction sites and ready mix plaRead more
(i) Tilting drum mixer: A tilting drum mixer is a type of concrete mixing equipment that features a rotating drum that tilts on its axis. This allows the drum to be emptied easily, and makes it easier to clean and maintain. The tilting drum mixer is often used in construction sites and ready mix plants, as it is efficient in mixing concrete and can handle large quantities.
(ii) Non-tilting drum mixer: A non-tilting drum mixer is a type of concrete mixing equipment that features a rotating drum that does not tilt on its axis. This type of mixer is commonly used for smaller projects and for small batch concrete mixing. The non-tilting drum mixer is easy to use, and more portable than the tilting drum mixer, but it may not be as efficient in mixing concrete and may require additional labor to discharge the mixed concrete.
It is important to note that both tilting and non-tilting drum mixers can come in different sizes, designs and can be powered by electricity, diesel or gasoline and can be operated either manually or through automation
See lessa (2) State four types of vibrations used for concrete compaction: (4 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021
High-frequency internal vibration: This type of vibration uses a high-frequency vibrator that is inserted into the concrete to create a high-frequency, low-amplitude vibration. Low-frequency internal vibration: This type of vibration uses a low-frequency vibrator that is inserted into the concrete tRead more
- High-frequency internal vibration: This type of vibration uses a high-frequency vibrator that is inserted into the concrete to create a high-frequency, low-amplitude vibration.
- Low-frequency internal vibration: This type of vibration uses a low-frequency vibrator that is inserted into the concrete to create a low-frequency, high-amplitude vibration.
- Surface vibration: This type of vibration uses a vibrating plate or roller that is placed on the surface of the concrete to create a low-frequency, high-amplitude vibration.
- Impact vibration: This type of vibration uses a device that strikes the surface of the concrete to create a high-frequency, high-amplitude vibration.
- Jumping jack: This type of vibration uses a machine that is attached to the surface of the concrete and jumps to create a low-frequency, high-amplitude vibration.
- Ultrasonic vibration: This type of vibration uses ultrasonic waves to create a high-frequency, low-amplitude vibration which can be used for compaction of the concrete.
See less6. {a) State three applications for each of the following plants: (i) power shovel; (ii) drag line; (iii) clam shell: (iv) buldozer;(12 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021
(i) Power shovel: Mining: Power shovels are commonly used in mining operations to excavate large volumes of earth and rock in order to extract minerals. Construction: Power shovels are also used in construction projects to excavate trenches and foundations, and to move large amounts of dirt and debrRead more
(i) Power shovel:
(ii) Dragline:
(iii) Clam shell:
(iv) Bulldozer:
- Construction: Bulldozers are commonly used in construction projects to level and grade land, move large amounts of dirt and debris, and compact soil.
- Mining: Bulldozers are also used in mining operations to level and grade land, move large amounts of dirt and debris, and compact soil.
- Demolition: Bulldozers can be used to demolish buildings, bridges, and other structures by pushing or pulling them down and moving the debris out of the way.
See lessOutline four functional requirements of floors.(12 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021
Load bearing capacity: Floors must be able to support the weight of the building, the occupants, and any furniture or equipment. The load bearing capacity of a floor is determined by the strength of the materials used and the design of the floor system. Durability: Floors must be able to withstand tRead more
- Load bearing capacity: Floors must be able to support the weight of the building, the occupants, and any furniture or equipment. The load bearing capacity of a floor is determined by the strength of the materials used and the design of the floor system.
- Durability: Floors must be able to withstand the wear and tear of everyday use, as well as any specific conditions in the room, such as heavy foot traffic, moisture, or heat. The durability of a floor is determined by the type of material used and the quality of the installation.
- Safety: Floors must be slip-resistant and easy to walk on. The flooring should be safe for children and the elderly, and should not be a tripping hazard. This can be achieved through the use of slip-resistant materials and proper installation techniques.
- Aesthetics: Floors must be visually pleasing and complement the design of the room. This can be achieved through the use of different colors, textures, and patterns.
- Insulation: Floors should provide insulation and keep the interior of the building warm in cold weather and cool in hot weather.
- Sound Absorption: Floors should be able to absorb sound to reduce noise levels in the building.
- Moisture Resistance: Floors should be able to resist moisture and protect the building from water damage.
- Easy to Clean: Floors should be easy to clean and maintain, and should not require frequent replacement.
- Comfort: The flooring material should be comfortable to walk on, it should provide insulation, and it should be able to absorb sound.
- Environmentally friendly: The flooring should be eco-friendly and not harm the environment. It should also be made of sustainable materials and not produce harmful emissions.
- Easiness of installation: The flooring should be easy to install and should not take much time.
- Fire resistance: Floors should be fire resistant and should be able to withstand fire to protect the building and its occupants.
See less(b) G) State four factors that affect the choice of the flooring materials
Durability: The flooring material must be able to withstand the wear and tear of everyday use, as well as any specific conditions in the room, such as heavy foot traffic, moisture, or heat. Maintenance: The flooring material must be easy to clean and maintain, and should not require frequent replaceRead more
- Durability: The flooring material must be able to withstand the wear and tear of everyday use, as well as any specific conditions in the room, such as heavy foot traffic, moisture, or heat.
- Maintenance: The flooring material must be easy to clean and maintain, and should not require frequent replacement.
- Cost: The cost of the flooring material is an important consideration, as it can vary widely depending on the type of material, the quality, and the quantity required.
- Aesthetics: The flooring material must be visually pleasing and complement the design of the room. This can be achieved through the use of different colors, textures, and patterns.
- Safety: Flooring materials should be slip-resistant and easy to walk on. The flooring should be safe for children and the elderly, and should not be a tripping hazard.
- Comfort: The flooring material should be comfortable to walk on, it should provide insulation, and it should be able to absorb sound.
- Environmental Impact: The flooring material should be eco-friendly and not harm the environment. It should also be made of sustainable materials and not produce harmful emissions.
See less5(a) Outline four functional requireménts of a fireplace. (8 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021
Safety: A fireplace must be designed and constructed in a way that minimizes the risk of fire and smoke spreading to other parts of the building. This can be achieved through the use of fire-resistant materials and proper ventilation. Heating efficiency: A fireplace must be designed and constructedRead more
- Safety: A fireplace must be designed and constructed in a way that minimizes the risk of fire and smoke spreading to other parts of the building. This can be achieved through the use of fire-resistant materials and proper ventilation.
- Heating efficiency: A fireplace must be designed and constructed in a way that maximizes the transfer of heat from the fire to the room. This can be achieved through the use of heat-conducting materials and proper insulation.
- Fuel efficiency: A fireplace must be designed and constructed in a way that allows the fire to burn efficiently, using the least amount of fuel possible. This can be achieved through the use of efficient combustion systems, such as a sealed combustion chamber.
- Aesthetics: A fireplace must be designed and constructed in a way that is visually pleasing and complement the design of the room. This can be achieved through the use of different materials, such as stone, brick or wood and different shapes and sizes.
- Ventilation: A fireplace must be designed and constructed in a way that allows the smoke and combustion gases to vent safely and efficiently out of the building. This can be achieved through the use of a chimney or flue system.
- Easy to use: A fireplace must be designed and constructed in a way that allows for easy lighting, maintenance and cleaning.
- Energy Efficiency: A fireplace must be designed and constructed in a way that it is energy efficient and conserves energy.
See less4(a)Describe the following types of piles: (i) end bearing piles; (ii) friction piles; (iii) compaction piles.(6marks)Oct./Nov. 2021
Support: The foundation provides a stable base for the building, distributing the weight of the structure evenly across the soil. Load Transfer: The foundation helps to transfer the load of the building from the upper structure to the soil, ensuring that the building does not sink or settle uRead more
(i) End bearing piles: End bearing piles are piles that transfer the load of a building to a layer of soil or rock that is capable of bearing the load. They are typically driven into the ground until they reach a solid layer of soil or rock, and the load is then transferred to this layer through the end of the pile. These piles are commonly used in areas where the soil is not suitable to support the structure on its own. Examples include sandy soils and rocky terrain.
(ii) Friction piles: Friction piles are piles that transfer the load of a building to the soil through friction between the pile and the soil. They are typically driven into the ground until they reach a stable layer of soil and the load is then transferred to this layer through the friction between the pile and the soil. These piles are commonly used in areas where the soil is suitable to support the structure, but additional support is needed to increase the stability of the structure. Examples include clay soils and silty soils.
(iii) Compaction piles: Compaction piles are piles that are used to compact the soil around the foundation of a building. They are typically driven into the ground in a specific pattern and at a specific depth. The weight of the pile compacts the soil around it, increasing the density of the soil and improving its ability to support the load of the building. These piles are commonly used in areas where the soil is loose or poorly compacted. Examples include sandy soils and soil with a high organic content.