Explain two types of each of the following: (i) Organizational structures, (ii) Organizational relationship.(8 marks)June/July 202

(i) Organizational structures are the way that an organization arranges its hierarchy of authority and the way that tasks and responsibilities are divided among its employees. Some common types of organizational structures include:

1. Hierarchical structure: This is a traditional structure in which there is a clear chain of command, and each level of the organization has a specific set of duties and responsibilities.
2. Flat structure: This is a more decentralized structure in which there are fewer layers of management and employees have more autonomy and decision-making power.
3. Matrix structure: This is a hybrid structure in which employees report to both a functional manager (in charge of a specific area of expertise) and a product manager (in charge of a specific product or project).
4. Team-based structure: This is a structure in which employees are organized into teams that are responsible for specific tasks or projects.

(ii) Organizational relationships refer to the way that different individuals and groups within an organization interact with one another. Some common types of organizational relationships include:

1. Horizontal relationships: These are relationships between individuals or groups at the same level of the organizational hierarchy.
2. Vertical relationships: These are relationships between individuals or groups at different levels of the organizational hierarchy, such as between a supervisor and their subordinates.
3. External relationships: These are relationships between the organization and parties outside of the organization, such as suppliers, customers, and regulatory bodies.
4. Internal relationships: These are relationships between different departments or teams within the organization.