(c) _ Describe the following types of pumps: (i)reciprocating pumps; (ii)rotary pumps. (6 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021 (a) Outline two applications of a back hoe. (4 marks)Oct./Nov. 2021

(i) Reciprocating pumps: Reciprocating pumps are positive displacement pumps that use a piston or diaphragm to move fluid in a back-and-forth motion, allowing for the transfer of fluid from one location to another. They are commonly used in applications such as irrigation, water supply, and industrial processes that require the transfer of fluids at high pressures. They are also used in oil and gas industry to transfer fluid and chemicals. Reciprocating pumps are versatile, can handle a wide range of fluid viscosities and can provide high pressure and high flow rate.

(ii) Rotary pumps: Rotary pumps are positive displacement pumps that use a rotating element, such as a gear, lobe, or vane, to move fluid. These pumps are commonly used in applications such as oil and gas, chemical, and industrial processes that require the transfer of fluids at high volumes. They are also used in agriculture and food processing. Rotary pumps are durable and can handle high-viscosity fluids and provide high flow rate and low pressure.

(a) Outline two applications of a back hoe:

1. Excavation: Back hoes are commonly used in construction and civil engineering projects to excavate trenches, foundations, and other types of holes. They can be used to dig up soil, rock, and other materials, and to remove debris.
2. Demolition: Back hoes can also be used to demolish buildings, bridges, and other structures by using the bucket or arm to remove debris and rubble.
3. Digging holes for planting trees, installing utility lines and other similar tasks.
4. Backfilling and grading tasks in construction sites