Outline six principles of management. (4 marks)June/July 2020

The principles of management are the guidelines that a manager follows in order to effectively plan, organize, lead, and control the activities of an organization. These principles are:

1. Division of labor: The work of the organization is divided into specific tasks, and each task is assigned to an individual or group of individuals. This allows for specialization and more efficient use of resources.
2. Authority and responsibility: Managers are given the authority to make decisions and direct the activities of others, and employees are given the responsibility to perform their tasks and achieve the goals of the organization.
3. Unity of command: Each employee should have only one boss, and should report to that boss rather than to multiple supervisors.
4. Unity of direction: All activities within the organization should be directed towards a common goal.
5. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest: The interests of the individual should be subordinated to the interests of the organization as a whole.
6. Remuneration: Employees should be paid fairly for their work.
7. Centralization: The extent to which decision-making power is concentrated at the top of the organization.
8. Scalar chain: A hierarchy of authority within the organization, from top to bottom.
9. Order: The organization should have a place for everything and everything should be in its place.
10. Equity: Employees should be treated fairly and with dignity.
11. Stability of tenure: Employees should have a degree of job security.
12. Initiative: Employees should be encouraged to take initiative and be creative in their work.