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EXPLAIN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND GIVING EXAMPLES IN EACH CASE (I) DEAD LOAD; (ii)LIVE LOAD;
(i) Dead load: Dead load refers to the weight of all permanent and non-movable structural components of a building or structure. This includes the weight of the walls, roof, flooring, and any other fixed parts of the building. Dead loads are relatively constant and do not change over time. ExamplesRead more
(i) Dead load: Dead load refers to the weight of all permanent and non-movable structural components of a building or structure. This includes the weight of the walls, roof, flooring, and any other fixed parts of the building. Dead loads are relatively constant and do not change over time. Examples of dead loads include the weight of the concrete in a buildingβs foundation, the weight of the steel in a bridge, and the weight of the roofing material on a house.
(ii) Live load: Live load refers to the weight of all movable and non-permanent components of a building or structure, as well as any loads imposed on it by use or occupancy, such as people, furniture, or snow. Live loads can vary significantly and change over time. Examples of live loads include the weight of people in a building, the weight of vehicles on a bridge, and the weight of snow on a roof. Live loads are typically considered when designing a building or structure to ensure it can safely support the expected loads and that it is able to withstand the maximum expected load.
See lessb.Define the following parts of a door frame: i head ii horn iii rebate iv shutter (4marks) Oct./Nov. 2021
(i) Head: The head of a door frame is the top horizontal part of the frame that sits above the door opening. It is typically made of wood or metal and supports the weight of the door and any other elements above it, such as a lintel or transom. (ii) Horn: A horn is a projecting piece of wood or metaRead more
(i) Head: The head of a door frame is the top horizontal part of the frame that sits above the door opening. It is typically made of wood or metal and supports the weight of the door and any other elements above it, such as a lintel or transom.
(ii) Horn: A horn is a projecting piece of wood or metal that is built into the edge of a door frame to increase its thickness and strength. Horns are typically found on the lock side of a door frame, and they help to prevent the door from warping or splitting over time.
(iii) Rebate: A rebate is a groove or recess cut into the edge of a door frame to create a tight, flush fit between the door and the frame. Rebates are typically found on the hinge side of a door frame, and they help to prevent drafts and improve the overall seal of the door.
(iv) Shutter: A shutter is a movable panel that covers an opening in a door frame. It can be made of wood, metal or other materials. Shutters can be used for privacy, security, or to control light and ventilation. In some cases, a door can also function as a shutter, which can be opened or closed to block or allow access to a room or building.
See lessb.With the aid of sketches, describe the following levelling methods: (i) cut (ii) fill (8marks) Oct./Nov. 2021
(i) Cut and fill method: The cut and fill method is a process of leveling land by cutting into the high areas and filling in the low areas to create a smooth and even surface. This method involves removing soil from the high areas, called "cuts," and using the removed soil to fill in the low areas,Read more
(i) Cut and fill method: The cut and fill method is a process of leveling land by cutting into the high areas and filling in the low areas to create a smooth and even surface. This method involves removing soil from the high areas, called βcuts,β and using the removed soil to fill in the low areas, called βfills.β The cut and fill method is often used for construction sites, road building, and other land development projects.
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(ii) Fill method: The fill method is a process of leveling land by adding soil or other materials to the low areas to create a smooth and even surface. This method involves excavating soil or other materials from an external source and transporting them to the site. The fill method is often used for construction sites, road building, and other land development projects.
See lessState four activities carried out during site clearance.Oct./Nov. 2021
Removing vegetation: Site clearance often involves removing trees, bushes, and other vegetation from the site to make way for the construction. This can be done manually or with the use of heavy machinery. Grading the land: The land may need to be leveled and graded to create a flat and stable surfaRead more
- Removing vegetation: Site clearance often involves removing trees, bushes, and other vegetation from the site to make way for the construction. This can be done manually or with the use of heavy machinery.
- Grading the land: The land may need to be leveled and graded to create a flat and stable surface for the construction. This can be done using heavy equipment such as bulldozers and excavators.
- Removing debris: Site clearance also involves removing any debris that may be present on the site, such as trash, old buildings, or other structures that are no longer needed.
- Excavating: Site clearance may also involve excavating the land to remove or relocate soil and rock to prepare the site for construction. This can be done using heavy equipment such as excavators and bulldozers.
- Conducting Environmental assessment: Site clearance also includes assessing the environmental impact of the site, such as checking for endangered species, wetlands, and cultural resources. This could also involve obtaining necessary permits and approvals from government agencies before proceeding with the site clearance activities.
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