1. Planning: This includes the process of setting goals and objectives, developing strategies and policies, and creating action plans to achieve them.
2. Organizing: This includes the process of arranging resources, such as personnel, equipment, and finances, to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
3. Staffing: This includes the process of recruiting, selecting, and training employees to fill the various roles and positions within the organization.
4. Directing: This includes the process of providing guidance, supervision, and direction to employees in order to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
5. Coordinating: This includes the process of ensuring that different parts of the organization are working together effectively, and that resources are being used efficiently.
6. Reporting: This includes the process of providing information to management and other stakeholders about the organization’s activities, performance, and results.
7. Budgeting: This includes the process of preparing and managing the organization’s budget, and allocating resources to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
8. Auditing: This includes the process of reviewing and evaluating the organization’s financial and operational activities to ensure compliance with laws, regulations and internal policies.
9. Regulation: This includes the process of enforcing rules, regulations and policies to ensure compliance with laws and regulations.
10. Problem-solving: This includes the process of identifying and resolving problems that arise in the course of the organization’s activities, in order to maintain operations and achieve goals.

A guarantor is a person who guarantees to pay a debt or perform a contract if the primary borrower or debtor fails to do so. In this case, the creditor is the person or entity to whom the debt or contract is owed. The rights of a guarantor against a creditor are as follows:

1. Right to notice: A guarantor has the right to be notified of any default by the borrower or debtor, and any steps taken by the creditor to enforce the guarantee.
2. Right to a fair opportunity to perform: A guarantor has the right to a fair opportunity to perform their obligations under the guarantee before the creditor can enforce it.
3. Right to a demand for performance: A guarantor has the right to demand that the borrower or debtor perform their obligations under the contract or debt, before the guarantor is required to perform their obligations under the guarantee.
4. Right to be released from the guarantee: A guarantor has the right to be released from the guarantee if the borrower or debtor performs their obligations under the contract or debt.
5. Right to sue the borrower or debtor: A guarantor has the right to sue the borrower or debtor for any losses incurred as a result of their default and the enforcement of the guarantee.

1. Loss of control over assets: An undischarged bankrupt loses control over their assets and they are placed under the control of a trustee appointed by the court.
2. Restrictions on employment: An undischarged bankrupt may be prohibited from engaging in certain types of employment, such as being a director of a company or running their own business.
3. Prohibition on obtaining credit: An undischarged bankrupt is prohibited from obtaining credit of more than a certain amount without disclosing their bankrupt status.
4. Disclosure requirement: An undischarged bankrupt is required to disclose their bankrupt status to certain parties, such as prospective employers or creditors.
5. Travel restrictions: An undischarged bankrupt may be prohibited from traveling abroad without the permission of the trustee.
6. Social stigmatization: An undischarged bankrupt may face social stigmatization and discrimination as a result of their status.
7. Restrictions on inheritance: An undischarged bankrupt may be restricted in their ability to inherit property or assets.
8. Restrictions on voting rights: An undischarged bankrupt may be restricted in their ability to vote in certain elections.
9. Restrictions on holding public office: An undischarged bankrupt may be prohibited from holding certain public offices.
10. Restrictions on professional licenses: An undischarged bankrupt may be prohibited from holding certain professional licenses, such as a license to practice law or medicine.

1. Issuer: A cheque is issued by an individual or organization that has an account with a bank, whereas a bill of exchange is issued by a seller (drawer) of goods or services to a buyer (drawee).
2. Purpose: A cheque is primarily used to make payments for goods and services, whereas a bill of exchange is used as a means of credit and is often used in trade transactions.
3. Signatories: A cheque is signed by the account holder, whereas a bill of exchange requires the signature of both the drawer and the drawee.
4. Negotiability: A cheque is a negotiable instrument, which means that it can be transferred to a third party and is payable to the bearer. A bill of exchange is an order instrument, it is not negotiable, it is payable to the order of a specific person.
5. Time of payment: A cheque is payable on demand, whereas a bill of exchange has a specific maturity date, after which it is payable.
6. Acceptance: A cheque does not require acceptance, whereas a bill of exchange requires acceptance by the drawee.
7. Endorsement: A cheque requires endorsement by the person to whom it is payable, whereas a bill of exchange does not require endorsement.
8. Discharge: A cheque is discharged when it is paid or when it is dishonored, whereas a bill of exchange is discharged when it is accepted, paid or when it is dishonored.
9. Liability: In case of dishonor of a cheque, the drawer is liable, whereas in case of dishonor of a bill of exchange, the drawer and the drawee are jointly and severally liable.
10. Legal framework: Cheques are governed by the laws of negotiable instruments and the laws of banking, whereas bills of exchange are governed by the laws of contracts

Delegated legislation, also known as secondary legislation, refers to laws made by government agencies or other bodies that have been authorized to make laws by the legislature.

Here are some disadvantages of delegated legislation as a source of law:

1. Lack of democratic accountability: Delegated legislation is often made by government agencies or other bodies that are not directly accountable to the public. This can make it difficult for citizens to hold these bodies accountable for the laws they make.
2. Lack of public participation: The process of making delegated legislation is often less transparent and less open to public participation than the process of making primary legislation. This can make it difficult for citizens to have their voices heard and to influence the content of the laws.
3. Limited judicial review: The courts often have limited power to review delegated legislation, which can make it difficult for citizens to challenge the laws made by these bodies.
4. Technical complexity: Delegated legislation is often highly technical and difficult for the general public to understand. This can make it difficult for citizens to know their rights and responsibilities under the law.
5. Lack of consistency: Delegated legislation can vary widely from one government agency or body to another, making it difficult for citizens to understand the law and comply with it.
6. Lack of flexibility: Delegated legislation can be inflexible and may not adapt easily to changing circumstances, making it difficult to update or change the law as needed.
7. Lack of parliamentary control: Delegated legislation is not subject to the same level of scrutiny and control as primary legislation, which can lead to less oversight over the laws made by government agencies or other bodies
8. Lack of coherence: Delegated legislation can be contradictory to primary legislation and other delegated legislation, creating confusion and legal uncertainty.