1. Billboards: Large signs or posters that are typically located on busy roads or highways, used to reach a wide audience.
2. Transit Advertising: Advertising on buses, trains, subways, and other forms of public transportation, used to reach a captive audience.
3. Street Furniture: Advertising on benches, bus shelters, newsstands and other forms of street furniture, used to reach people in high-traffic urban areas.
4. Event Advertising: Advertising at events such as concerts, sports games, and festivals, used to reach a targeted audience of people with similar interests.
5. Street teams: teams of people who walk around with promotional materials, handing out flyers or samples, or talking to people about the product.

1. Product positioning: The organization can position its products in a way that appeals to consumers’ needs, wants, and values.
2. Advertising and promotion: The organization can use advertising and promotion to create awareness and interest in its products, and to change consumers’ attitudes towards them.
3. Publicity and Public Relations: The organization can use publicity and Public Relations to create a positive image of the company and its products, and to change consumers’ attitudes towards them.
4. Branding: The organization can use branding to create a strong, consistent image for its products that appeals to consumers’ emotions and values.
5. Packaging: The organization can use packaging to make its products more appealing to consumers and to change their attitudes towards them.
6. Personal selling: The organization can use personal selling to persuade consumers to buy its products, and to change their attitudes towards them.
7. Sales promotion: The organization can use sales promotion to increase the perceived value of its products, and to change consumers’ attitudes towards them.
8. Customer service: The organization can use customer service to create a positive experience for consumers, and to change their attitudes towards its products.
9. Product modification: The organization can modify its products to meet the changing needs and wants of its customers and to change their attitudes towards its products
10. Online reputation management: The organization can use online reputation management to monitor and shape the public’s perception of its products and to change consumers’ attitudes towards them.

1. Loyalty: Highly satisfied customers are more likely to be loyal to a brand and continue to purchase products and services from the company.
2. Positive word-of-mouth: Highly satisfied customers are more likely to recommend a brand to their friends, family, and colleagues, providing valuable word-of-mouth marketing.
3. Low price sensitivity: Highly satisfied customers tend to be less sensitive to price changes and are more willing to pay a premium for a product or service they trust and value.
4. Forgiveness: Highly satisfied customers are more likely to forgive a company for mistakes or service failures, and are more likely to give the company a second chance.
5. Positive feedback: Highly satisfied customers tend to provide positive feedback and constructive criticism, helping the company improve its products or services.
6. High retention rate: Highly satisfied customers tend to stick with the company for a longer period of time, resulting in a higher retention rate.
7. Repeat purchases: Highly satisfied customers are more likely to make repeat purchases, resulting in more revenue for the company.
8. Higher profit margin: Highly satisfied customers tend to generate more profit for the company, due to their loyalty and willingness to pay a premium for products or services.
9. Brand Ambassadors: Highly satisfied customers tend to act as brand ambassadors, promoting the company and its products or services to others.
10. Low rate of switching: Highly satisfied customers tend to have a low rate of switching to competitors, which helps the company to maintain its market share.

A manufacturer may choose to modify an existing channel arrangement for various reasons, such as:

1. Changing market conditions: The manufacturer may need to adapt to changes in the market, such as shifts in consumer demand or the emergence of new competitors, by modifying its channel arrangement to better reach its target market.
2. New product launch: The manufacturer may need to modify its channel arrangement to accommodate the launch of a new product, such as by adding new distribution channels or adjusting its pricing strategy.
3. Improved efficiency: The manufacturer may aim to improve the efficiency of its channel arrangement by streamlining processes, reducing costs or increasing the speed of delivery.
4. Increased market share: The manufacturer may attempt to increase its market share by expanding into new geographic areas or by targeting new customer segments through modifying its channel arrangement
5. Brand Repositioning: The manufacturer may attempt to reposition its brand to align it more closely with the target market and its needs, for example by using different distribution channels or by adjusting its pricing strategy.
6. Merger or acquisition: The manufacturer may choose to modify its channel arrangement following a merger or acquisition, for example by consolidating distribution channels or by rebranding.
7. Legal requirements: The manufacturer may need to modify its channel arrangement in order to comply with legal requirements, such as changes in regulations or product labeling laws.
8. Channel conflict: The manufacturer may need to modify its channel arrangement to resolve conflicts with existing channels, such as by adjusting pricing or by redefining the roles and responsibilities of its channels.
9. Improved customer service: The manufacturer may aim to improve customer service by modifying its channel arrangement, for example by adding new distribution channels or by increasing the level of support provided to its existing channels.
10. Channel performance: The manufacturer may modify its channel arrangement to improve the performance of its existing channels, for example by providing additional training or support, or by adjusting the terms of the relationship with its channels.

Physical evidence refers to the tangible elements of a service that customers can see, hear, touch, taste, or smell. Here are some elements of physical evidence that a service firm should pay attention to:

1. Design and layout: The design and layout of the service firm’s physical space, such as the layout of the waiting area, the layout of the service area, and the layout of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
2. Cleanliness and maintenance: The cleanliness and maintenance of the service firm’s physical space, such as the cleanliness of the service firm’s vehicles, the cleanliness of the service firm’s uniforms, and the cleanliness of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
3. Signage and branding: The signage and branding of the service firm’s physical space, such as the design and placement of the service firm’s logo, the design and placement of the service firm’s signs, and the design and placement of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
4. Lighting and temperature: The lighting and temperature of the service firm’s physical space, such as the lighting and temperature of the service firm’s vehicles, the lighting and temperature of the service firm’s uniforms, and the lighting and temperature of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
5. Music and sound: The music and sound of the service firm’s physical space, such as the music and sound of the service firm’s vehicles, the music and sound of the service firm’s uniforms, and the music and sound of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
6. Smell: The smell of the service firm’s physical space, such as the smell of the service firm’s vehicles, the smell of the service firm’s uniforms, and the smell of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
7. Touch: The touch of the service firm’s physical space, such as the touch of the service firm’s vehicles, the touch of the service firm’s uniforms, and the touch of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
8. Taste: The taste of the service firm’s physical space, such as the taste of the service firm’s vehicles, the taste of the service firm’s uniforms, and the taste of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
9. Packaging: The packaging of the service firm’s physical space, such as the packaging of the service firm’s vehicles, the packaging of the service firm’s uniforms, and the packaging of the service firm’s website or mobile app.
10. Technology: The use of technology in the service firm’s physical space, such as the use of technology in the service firm’s vehicles, the use of technology in the service firm’s uniforms, and the use of technology in the service firm’s website or mobile app.