1. Support: The foundation provides a stable base for the building, distributing the weight of the structure evenly across the soil.
2. Load Transfer: The foundation helps to transfer the load of the building from the upper structure to the soil, ensuring that the building does not sink or settle unevenly.
3. Protection from moisture: Foundation helps to keep the building dry by preventing water from seeping into the lower levels of the structure. This can be done by using materials that are water-resistant and by installing drainage systems around the foundation.
4. Protection from natural hazards: Foundation help in protecting the building from natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods and soil movement. This can be done by using specific types of foundation and by reinforcing the foundation with materials that can withstand these forces.

(i) Head: The head of a door frame is the top horizontal part of the frame that sits above the door opening. It is typically made of wood or metal and supports the weight of the door and any other elements above it, such as a lintel or transom.

(ii) Horn: A horn is a projecting piece of wood or metal that is built into the edge of a door frame to increase its thickness and strength. Horns are typically found on the lock side of a door frame, and they help to prevent the door from warping or splitting over time.

(iii) Rebate: A rebate is a groove or recess cut into the edge of a door frame to create a tight, flush fit between the door and the frame. Rebates are typically found on the hinge side of a door frame, and they help to prevent drafts and improve the overall seal of the door.

(iv) Shutter: A shutter is a movable panel that covers an opening in a door frame. It can be made of wood, metal or other materials. Shutters can be used for privacy, security, or to control light and ventilation. In some cases, a door can also function as a shutter, which can be opened or closed to block or allow access to a room or building.

1. Removing vegetation: Site clearance often involves removing trees, bushes, and other vegetation from the site to make way for the construction. This can be done manually or with the use of heavy machinery.
2. Grading the land: The land may need to be leveled and graded to create a flat and stable surface for the construction. This can be done using heavy equipment such as bulldozers and excavators.
3. Removing debris: Site clearance also involves removing any debris that may be present on the site, such as trash, old buildings, or other structures that are no longer needed.
4. Excavating: Site clearance may also involve excavating the land to remove or relocate soil and rock to prepare the site for construction. This can be done using heavy equipment such as excavators and bulldozers.
5. Conducting Environmental assessment: Site clearance also includes assessing the environmental impact of the site, such as checking for endangered species, wetlands, and cultural resources. This could also involve obtaining necessary permits and approvals from government agencies before proceeding with the site clearance activities.

A strip foundation is a type of foundation that consists of a narrow strip of concrete that is laid beneath the walls of a building. The strip foundation serves to distribute the load of the building evenly across the ground and to provide a stable base for the walls. The strip foundation detail should include the thickness of the foundation strip (in this case, 200 mm), the depth of the foundation strip (usually at least 600mm), the width of the foundation strip (which should be at least twice the width of the wall), and the reinforcement (such as steel bars) used in the foundation strip. The detail should also show the connection between the foundation strip and the masonry wall, which is typically achieved using a wall plate or a sole plate. The detail should also show any drainage provisions such as a perforated pipe, gravel layer and a drainage layer

i) Artwork:

1. Paint brushes: paint brushes are used to apply paint to the canvas or paper.
2. Paints: Paints such as oil, acrylic, and watercolor are used to create the artwork.
3. Canvas or paper: A surface such as canvas or paper is used as a support for the artwork.
4. Palette: A palette is used to mix and store paint colors.
5. Easel: An easel is used to hold the canvas or paper while the artist works.
6. Solvents: Solvents such as turpentine or mineral spirits are used to clean brushes and tools used in oil painting.

(ii) Architectural model making:

1. Cardboard: Cardboard is often used as the main material for creating architectural models.
2. Glue: Glue is used to assemble and hold the different parts of the model together.
3. Scissors: Scissors are used to cut and shape the cardboard and other materials used in the model.
4. Ruler: A ruler is used to measure and mark the cardboard and other materials used in the model.
5. cutting mat: A cutting mat is used to protect the working surface and the model during the cutting process.
6. X-acto knife: An X-acto knife is used to make precise cuts and shapes in the cardboard and other materials used in the model.