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describe how solar controller is tested due to the following failure symptoms
i. battery voltage above 15V and solar still connected to the battery via controller
ii. battery volage above 12V but load has been disconnected
A solar controller, also known as a charge controller or charge regulator, is a device that is used to regulate the flow of electricity from a solar panel or array to a battery or bank of batteries. It is an important component in a solar power system as it ensures that the batteries are not overcharged, which can damage them and shorten their lifespan.
In the first scenario you described, where the battery voltage is above 15V and the solar panel is still connected to the battery via the controller, the controller may be failing to properly regulate the flow of electricity from the panel to the battery. This can cause the battery to become overcharged, potentially leading to damage.
To test the controller in this situation, a technician would likely first disconnect the solar panel from the battery and measure the voltage of the battery using a voltmeter. If the voltage is still above 15V, it is likely that the controller is not functioning properly and may need to be replaced.
In the second scenario you described, where the battery voltage is above 12V but the load has been disconnected, the controller may be failing to properly regulate the flow of electricity from the battery to the load. This can cause the battery to become overcharged, as it continues to receive electricity from the solar panel but has no way to discharge that electricity through a load.
To test the controller in this situation, a technician would likely first measure the voltage of the battery using a voltmeter. If the voltage is above 12V, they would then reconnect the load and measure the voltage again. If the voltage drops to a normal range (typically between 12V and 14V for a 12V battery) when the load is reconnected, it is likely that the controller is functioning properly and that the overcharging issue was caused by a lack of load. However, if the voltage remains above 12V even with the load reconnected, it is likely that the controller is not functioning properly and may need to be replaced.